BlockBasic Class Reference

A basic block for p-code operations. More...

#include <block.hh>

Inheritance diagram for BlockBasic:

Public Member Functions
	BlockBasic (Funcdata *fd)
	Construct given the underlying function.
Funcdata *	getFuncdata (void)
	Return the underlying Funcdata object.
const Funcdata *	getFuncdata (void) const
	Return the underlying Funcdata object.
bool	contains (const Address &addr) const
	Determine if the given address is contained in the original range.
Address	getEntryAddr (void) const
	Get the address of the (original) first operation to execute. More...
virtual Address	getStart (void) const
	Get the starting address of code in this FlowBlock.
virtual Address	getStop (void) const
	Get the ending address of code in this FlowBlock.
virtual block_type	getType (void) const
	Get the FlowBlock type of this.
virtual FlowBlock *	subBlock (int4 i) const
	Get the i-th component block.
virtual void	saveXmlBody (ostream &s) const
	Save detail about components to an XML stream.
virtual void	restoreXmlBody (List::const_iterator &iter, List::const_iterator enditer, BlockMap &resolver)
	Restore details about this FlowBlock from an XML stream. More...
virtual void	printHeader (ostream &s) const
	Print a simple description of this to stream. More...
virtual void	printRaw (ostream &s) const
	Print raw instructions contained in this FlowBlock.
virtual void	emit (PrintLanguage *lng) const
	Emit the instructions in this FlowBlock as structured code. More...
virtual const FlowBlock *	getExitLeaf (void) const
	Get the FlowBlock to which this block exits.
virtual PcodeOp *	lastOp (void) const
	Get the last PcodeOp executed by this FlowBlock.
virtual bool	negateCondition (bool toporbottom)
	Flip the condition computed by this. More...
virtual FlowBlock *	getSplitPoint (void)
	Get the leaf splitting block. More...
virtual int4	flipInPlaceTest (vector< PcodeOp * > &fliplist) const
	Test normalizing the conditional branch in this. More...
virtual void	flipInPlaceExecute (void)
	Perform the flip to normalize conditional branch executed by this block. More...
virtual bool	isComplex (void) const
	Is this too complex to be a condition (BlockCondition)
bool	unblockedMulti (int4 outslot) const
	Check if this block can be removed without introducing inconsistencies. More...
bool	hasOnlyMarkers (void) const
	Does this block contain only MULTIEQUAL and INDIRECT ops. More...
bool	isDoNothing (void) const
	Should this block should be removed. More...
list< PcodeOp * >::iterator	beginOp (void)
	Return an iterator to the beginning of the PcodeOps.
list< PcodeOp * >::iterator	endOp (void)
	Return an iterator to the end of the PcodeOps.
list< PcodeOp * >::const_iterator	beginOp (void) const
	Return an iterator to the beginning of the PcodeOps.
list< PcodeOp * >::const_iterator	endOp (void) const
	Return an iterator to the end of the PcodeOps.
bool	emptyOp (void) const
	Return true if block contains no operations.
Public Member Functions inherited from FlowBlock
	FlowBlock (void)
	Construct a block with no edges.
virtual	~FlowBlock (void)
	Destructor.
int4	getIndex (void) const
	Get the index assigned to this block.
FlowBlock *	getParent (void)
	Get the parent FlowBlock of this.
FlowBlock *	getImmedDom (void) const
	Get the immediate dominator FlowBlock.
FlowBlock *	getCopyMap (void) const
	Get the mapped FlowBlock.
const FlowBlock *	getParent (void) const
	Get the parent FlowBlock of this.
uint4	getFlags (void) const
	Get the block_flags properties.
virtual void	markUnstructured (void)
	Mark target blocks of any unstructured edges.
virtual void	markLabelBumpUp (bool bump)
	Let hierarchical blocks steal labels of their (first) components. More...
virtual void	scopeBreak (int4 curexit, int4 curloopexit)
	Mark unstructured edges that should be breaks.
virtual void	printTree (ostream &s, int4 level) const
	Print tree structure of any blocks owned by this. More...
virtual bool	preferComplement (Funcdata &data)
	Rearrange this hierarchy to simplify boolean expressions. More...
virtual FlowBlock *	nextFlowAfter (const FlowBlock *bl) const
	Get the leaf FlowBlock that will execute after the given FlowBlock. More...
virtual void	finalizePrinting (const Funcdata &data) const
	Make any final configurations necessary to print the block.
virtual void	saveXmlHeader (ostream &s) const
	Save basic information as XML attributes. More...
virtual void	restoreXmlHeader (const Element *el)
	Restore basic information for XML attributes. More...
void	saveXmlEdges (ostream &s) const
	Save edge information to an XML stream. More...
void	restoreXmlEdges (List::const_iterator &iter, List::const_iterator enditer, BlockMap &resolver)
	Restore edges from an XML stream. More...
void	saveXml (ostream &s) const
	Write out this to an XML stream. More...
void	restoreXml (const Element *el, BlockMap &resolver)
	Restore this from an XML stream. More...
const FlowBlock *	nextInFlow (void) const
	Return next block to be executed in flow. More...
void	setVisitCount (int4 i)
	Set the number of times this block has been visited.
int4	getVisitCount (void) const
	Get the count of visits.
void	setGotoBranch (int4 i)
	Mark a goto branch. More...
void	setDefaultSwitch (int4 i)
	Mark an edge as the switch default.
bool	isMark (void) const
	Return true if this block has been marked.
void	setMark (void)
	Mark this block.
void	clearMark (void)
	Clear any mark on this block.
void	setDonothingLoop (void)
	Label this as a do nothing loop.
void	setDead (void)
	Label this as dead.
bool	hasSpecialLabel (void) const
	Return true if this uses a different label.
bool	isJoined (void) const
	Return true if this is a joined basic block.
bool	isDuplicated (void) const
	Return true if this is a duplicated block.
void	setLoopExit (int4 i)
	Label the edge exiting this as a loop.
void	clearLoopExit (int4 i)
	Clear the loop exit edge.
void	setBackEdge (int4 i)
	Label the back edge of a loop.
bool	getFlipPath (void) const
	Have out edges been flipped.
bool	isJumpTarget (void) const
	Return true if non-fallthru jump flows into this. More...
FlowBlock *	getFalseOut (void) const
	Get the false output FlowBlock.
FlowBlock *	getTrueOut (void) const
	Get the true output FlowBlock.
FlowBlock *	getOut (int4 i)
	Get the i-th output FlowBlock.
const FlowBlock *	getOut (int4 i) const
	Get i-th output FlowBlock.
int4	getOutRevIndex (int4 i) const
	Get the input index of the i-th output FlowBlock.
FlowBlock *	getIn (int4 i)
	Get the i-th input FlowBlock.
const FlowBlock *	getIn (int4 i) const
	Get the i-th input FlowBlock.
int4	getInRevIndex (int4 i) const
	Get the output index of the i-th input FlowBlock.
const FlowBlock *	getFrontLeaf (void) const
	Get the first leaf FlowBlock. More...
FlowBlock *	getFrontLeaf (void)
	Get the first leaf FlowBlock. More...
int4	calcDepth (const FlowBlock *leaf) const
	Get the depth of the given component FlowBlock. More...
bool	dominates (const FlowBlock *subBlock) const
	Does this block dominate the given block. More...
bool	restrictedByConditional (const FlowBlock *cond) const
	Check if the condition from the given block holds for this block. More...
int4	sizeOut (void) const
	Get the number of out edges.
int4	sizeIn (void) const
	Get the number of in edges.
bool	hasLoopIn (void) const
	Is there a looping edge coming into this block. More...
bool	hasLoopOut (void) const
	Is there a looping edge going out of this block. More...
bool	isLoopIn (int4 i) const
	Is the i-th incoming edge a loop edge.
bool	isLoopOut (int4 i) const
	Is the i-th outgoing edge a loop edge.
int4	getInIndex (const FlowBlock *bl) const
	Get the incoming edge index for the given FlowBlock. More...
int4	getOutIndex (const FlowBlock *bl) const
	Get the outgoing edge index for the given FlowBlock. More...
bool	isDefaultBranch (int4 i) const
	Is the i-th out edge the switch default edge.
bool	isLabelBumpUp (void) const
	Are labels for this printed by the parent.
bool	isUnstructuredTarget (void) const
	Is this the target of an unstructured goto.
bool	isInteriorGotoTarget (void) const
	Is there an unstructured goto to this block's interior.
bool	hasInteriorGoto (void) const
	Is there an unstructured goto out of this block's interior.
bool	isEntryPoint (void) const
	Is the entry point of the function.
bool	isSwitchOut (void) const
	Is this a switch block.
bool	isDonothingLoop (void) const
	Is this a do nothing block.
bool	isDead (void) const
	Is this block dead.
bool	isTreeEdgeIn (int4 i) const
	Is the i-th incoming edge part of the spanning tree.
bool	isBackEdgeIn (int4 i) const
	Is the i-th incoming edge a back edge.
bool	isBackEdgeOut (int4 i) const
	Is the i-th outgoing edge a back edge.
bool	isIrreducibleOut (int4 i) const
	Is the i-th outgoing edge an irreducible edge.
bool	isIrreducibleIn (int4 i) const
	Is the i-th incoming edge an irreducible edge.
bool	isDecisionOut (int4 i) const
	Can this and the i-th output be merged into a BlockIf or BlockList.
bool	isDecisionIn (int4 i) const
	Can this and the i-th input be merged into a BlockIf or BlockList.
bool	isLoopDAGOut (int4 i) const
	Is the i-th outgoing edge part of the DAG sub-graph.
bool	isLoopDAGIn (int4 i) const
	Is the i-th incoming edge part of the DAG sub-graph.
bool	isGotoIn (int4 i) const
	Is the i-th incoming edge unstructured.
bool	isGotoOut (int4 i) const
	Is the i-th outgoing edge unstructured.
JumpTable *	getJumptable (void) const
	Get the JumpTable associated this block. More...

Static Public Member Functions
static bool	noInterveningStatement (PcodeOp *first, int4 path, PcodeOp *last)
	Check if there is meaningful activity between two branch instructions. More...
Static Public Member Functions inherited from FlowBlock
static block_type	nameToType (const string &name)
	Get the block_type associated with a name string. More...
static string	typeToName (block_type bt)
	Get the name string associated with a block_type. More...
static bool	compareBlockIndex (const FlowBlock *bl1, const FlowBlock *bl2)
	Compare FlowBlock by index. More...
static bool	compareFinalOrder (const FlowBlock *bl1, const FlowBlock *bl2)
	Final FlowBlock comparison. More...
static FlowBlock *	findCommonBlock (FlowBlock *bl1, FlowBlock *bl2)
	Find the common dominator of two FlowBlocks. More...
static FlowBlock *	findCommonBlock (const vector< FlowBlock * > &blockSet)
	Find common dominator of multiple FlowBlocks. More...

Private Member Functions
void	insert (list< PcodeOp * >::iterator iter, PcodeOp *inst)
	Insert p-code operation at a given position. More...
void	setInitialRange (const Address &beg, const Address &end)
	Set the initial address range of the block. More...
void	copyRange (const BlockBasic *bb)
	Copy address ranges from another basic block.
void	mergeRange (const BlockBasic *bb)
	Merge address ranges from another basic block.
void	setOrder (void)
	Reset the SeqNum::order field for all PcodeOp objects in this block. More...
void	removeOp (PcodeOp *inst)
	Remove PcodeOp from this basic block. More...

Private Attributes
list< PcodeOp * >	op
	The sequence of p-code operations.
Funcdata *	data
	The function of which this block is a part.
RangeList	cover
	Original range of addresses covered by this basic block.

Friends
class	Funcdata

Additional Inherited Members
Public Types inherited from FlowBlock
enum	block_type {   t_plain, t_basic, t_graph, t_copy,   t_goto, t_multigoto, t_ls, t_condition,   t_if, t_whiledo, t_dowhile, t_switch,   t_infloop, t_for }
	The possible block types.
enum	block_flags {   f_goto_goto = 1, f_break_goto = 2, f_continue_goto = 4, f_switch_out = 0x10,   f_unstructured_targ = 0x20, f_mark = 0x80, f_mark2 = 0x100, f_entry_point = 0x200,   f_interior_gotoout = 0x400, f_interior_gotoin = 0x800, f_label_bumpup = 0x1000, f_donothing_loop = 0x2000,   f_dead = 0x4000, f_whiledo_overflow = 0x8000, f_flip_path = 0x10000, f_joined_block = 0x20000,   f_duplicate_block = 0x40000 }
	Boolean properties of blocks. More...
enum	edge_flags {   f_goto_edge = 1, f_loop_edge = 2, f_defaultswitch_edge = 4, f_irreducible = 8,   f_tree_edge = 0x10, f_forward_edge = 0x20, f_cross_edge = 0x40, f_back_edge = 0x80,   f_loop_exit_edge = 0x100 }
	Boolean properties on edges. More...
Protected Member Functions inherited from FlowBlock
void	setFlag (uint4 fl)
	Set a boolean property.
void	clearFlag (uint4 fl)
	Clear a boolean property.

Detailed Description

A basic block for p-code operations.

A basic block is a maximal sequence of p-code operations (PcodeOp) that, within the context of a function, always execute starting with the first operation in sequence through in order to the last operation. Any decision points in the control flow of a function manifest as branching operations (BRANCH, CBRANCH, BRANCHIND) that necessarily occur as the last operation in a basic block.

Every Funcdata object implements the control-flow graph of the underlying function using BlockBasic objects as the underlying nodes of the graph. The decompiler structures code by making a copy of this graph and then overlaying a hierarchy of structured nodes on top of it.

The block also keeps track of the original range of addresses of instructions constituting the block. As decompiler transformations progress, the set of addresses associated with the current set of PcodeOps my migrate away from this original range.

Member Function Documentation

virtual void BlockBasic::emit ( PrintLanguage *  lng ) const

inlinevirtual

Emit the instructions in this FlowBlock as structured code.

This is the main entry point, at the control-flow level, for printing structured code.

Parameters

lng	is the PrintLanguage that provides details of the high-level language being printed

Reimplemented from FlowBlock.

References PrintLanguage::emitBlockBasic().

void BlockBasic::flipInPlaceExecute ( void  )

virtual

Perform the flip to normalize conditional branch executed by this block.

This reverses the outgoing edge order in the right basic blocks, but does not modify the instructions directly.

Reimplemented from FlowBlock.

References PcodeOp::fallthru_true, PcodeOp::flipFlag(), and FlowBlock::negateCondition().

Referenced by ActionNormalizeBranches::apply().

int4 BlockBasic::flipInPlaceTest ( vector< PcodeOp * > &  fliplist ) const

virtual

Test normalizing the conditional branch in this.

Find the set of PcodeOp objects that need to be adjusted to flip the condition this FlowBlock calculates.

Return:

• 0 if the flip would normalize the condition
• 1 if the flip doesn't affect normalization of the condition
• 2 if the flip produces an unnormalized condition

  Parameters

  fliplist

  will contain the PcodeOps that need to be adjusted

  Returns

  0 if the condition will be normalized, 1 or 2 otherwise

Reimplemented from FlowBlock.

References PcodeOp::code(), CPUI_CBRANCH, and opFlipInPlaceTest().

Address BlockBasic::getEntryAddr

(

void

)

const

Get the address of the (original) first operation to execute.

This relies slightly on normal semantics: when instructions fall-thru during execution, the associated address increases.

Returns

the address of the original entry point instruction for this block

References Range::getFirstAddr().

Referenced by PrintC::emitLabel().

FlowBlock * BlockBasic::getSplitPoint ( void  )

virtual

Get the leaf splitting block.

If this block ends with a conditional branch, return the deepest component block that performs the split. This component needs to be able to perform flipInPlaceTest() and flipInPlaceExecute()

Returns

the component FlowBlock or NULL if this doesn't end in a conditional branch

Reimplemented from FlowBlock.

bool BlockBasic::hasOnlyMarkers

(

void

)

const

Does this block contain only MULTIEQUAL and INDIRECT ops.

This is a crucial test for whether this block is doing anything substantial or is a candidate for removal. Even blocks that "do nothing" have some kind of branch and placeholder operations (MULTIEQUAL and INDIRECT) for data flowing through the block. This tests if there is any other operation going on.

Returns

true if there only MULTIEQUAL, INDIRECT, and branch operations in this

References PcodeOp::isBranch(), and PcodeOp::isMarker().

Referenced by noInterveningStatement().

void BlockBasic::insert ( list< PcodeOp * >::iterator  iter, PcodeOp *  inst  )

private

Insert p-code operation at a given position.

The operation is inserted before the PcodeOp pointed at by the iterator. This method also assigns the ordering index for the PcodeOp, getSeqNum().getOrder()

Parameters

iter	points at the PcodeOp to insert before
inst	is the PcodeOp to insert

References PcodeOp::code(), CPUI_BRANCHIND, PcodeOp::isBranch(), PcodeOp::setBasicIter(), PcodeOp::setOrder(), and PcodeOp::setParent().

Referenced by Funcdata::opInsert().

bool BlockBasic::isDoNothing

(

void

)

const

Should this block should be removed.

Check if this block is doing anything useful.

Returns

true if the block does nothing and should be removed

References PcodeOp::code(), and CPUI_BRANCHIND.

bool BlockBasic::negateCondition ( bool  toporbottom )

virtual

Flip the condition computed by this.

Flip the order of outgoing edges (at least). This should also affect the original op causing the condition. Note: we don't have to flip at all levels of the hierarchy only at the top and at the bottom

Parameters

toporbottom

is true if this is the top outermost block of the hierarchy getting negated

Returns

true if a change was made to data-flow

Reimplemented from FlowBlock.

References PcodeOp::boolean_flip, PcodeOp::fallthru_true, PcodeOp::flipFlag(), and FlowBlock::negateCondition().

bool BlockBasic::noInterveningStatement ( PcodeOp *  first, int4  path, PcodeOp *  last  )

static

Check if there is meaningful activity between two branch instructions.

The first branch is assumed to be a CBRANCH one edge of which flows into the other branch. The flow can be through 1 or 2 blocks. If either block performs an operation other than MULTIEQUAL, INDIRECT (or the branch), then return false.

Parameters

first	is the CBRANCH operation
path	is the index of the edge to follow to the other branch
last	is the other branch operation

Returns

true if there is no meaningful activity

References FlowBlock::getOut(), PcodeOp::getParent(), hasOnlyMarkers(), and FlowBlock::sizeOut().

Referenced by JumpBasic::foldInOneGuard().

void BlockBasic::printHeader ( ostream &  s ) const

virtual

Print a simple description of this to stream.

Only print a header for this single block

Parameters

s	is the output stream

Reimplemented from FlowBlock.

References FlowBlock::printHeader().

void BlockBasic::removeOp ( PcodeOp *  inst )

private

Remove PcodeOp from this basic block.

Parameters

inst	is the PcodeOp to remove, which must be in the block

References PcodeOp::basiciter, and PcodeOp::setParent().

Referenced by Funcdata::opDestroy(), and Funcdata::opUninsert().

void BlockBasic::restoreXmlBody ( List::const_iterator &  iter, List::const_iterator  enditer, BlockMap &  resolver  )

virtual

Restore details about this FlowBlock from an XML stream.

Parameters

iter	is an iterator to XML elements containing component tags etc.
enditer	marks the end of the XML tags
resolver	is used to recover FlowBlock objects based on XML references

Reimplemented from FlowBlock.

References BlockMap::getAddressManager().

void BlockBasic::setInitialRange ( const Address &  beg, const Address &  end  )

private

Set the initial address range of the block.

In terms of machine instructions, a basic block always covers a range of addresses, from its first instruction to its last. This method establishes that range.

Parameters

beg	is the address of the first instruction in the block
end	is the address of the last instruction in the block

References Address::getOffset(), and Address::getSpace().

Referenced by Funcdata::nodeJoinCreateBlock(), and Funcdata::setBasicBlockRange().

void BlockBasic::setOrder ( void  )

private

Reset the SeqNum::order field for all PcodeOp objects in this block.

The SeqNum::order field for each PcodeOp must mirror the ordering of that PcodeOp within this block. Insertions are usually handled by calculating an appropriate SeqNum::order field for the new PcodeOp, but sometime there isn't enough room between existing ops. This method is then called to recalculate the SeqNum::order field for all PcodeOp objects in this block, reestablishing space between the field values.

Referenced by Funcdata::spliceBlockBasic().

bool BlockBasic::unblockedMulti

(

int4

outslot

)

const

Check if this block can be removed without introducing inconsistencies.

Does removing this block leads to redundant MULTIEQUAL entries which are inconsistent. A MULTIEQUAL can hide an implied copy, in which case this block is actually doing something and shouldn't be removed.

Parameters

outslot

is the index of the outblock that this is getting collapsed to

Returns

true if there is no implied COPY

References PcodeOp::code(), CPUI_MULTIEQUAL, Varnode::getDef(), PcodeOp::getIn(), FlowBlock::getInIndex(), FlowBlock::getOut(), PcodeOp::getParent(), Varnode::isWritten(), op, and FlowBlock::sizeOut().

---

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

• block.hh
• block.cc